Answer
Can you see a photo's GPS location on a map?
Yes, trivially. Coordinates are stored as plain numbers, and anyone holding the file can put them on a map in seconds with no special software.
Updated
The coordinates in a photo are ordinary latitude and longitude values. Pasting them into any mapping service puts a pin on the spot. There is no barrier to this — no specialist tooling, no technical skill, nothing that would slow down a person who was curious rather than determined.
That accessibility is the honest reason to care. The threat model for geotagged photos is not a sophisticated adversary; it is anyone who received the original file and thought to look. A photo shared in a group chat, sent as an email attachment or posted somewhere that does not re-encode uploads reaches its recipient with the coordinates intact.
Many photos also carry altitude and a compass bearing alongside the coordinates, which together describe not only where you stood but which floor you were on and which way you were facing.
The EXIF viewer here will show you the coordinates in any photo you own, so you can see what a recipient would see. It reads the file in your browser and uploads nothing, which you can verify by turning off your network connection and watching it continue to work.
To take the location out and leave everything else in place, use the GPS location remover.
More on this: EXIF viewer, GPS location remover.
Terms used here: EXIF.